Monte Cassino Abbey
The territorial abbey of Monte Cassino was founded by Benedict of Nursia in 529 on the site of an ancient temple dedicated to Apollo. It is the cradle of the Benedictine order. It served as a retreat for sovereigns and pontiffs such as the Frankish prince Carloman, brother of Pepin the Short, the Lombard king Ratchis, and Saint Gregory. Containing immense riches, including a precious library, it is partly placed under the protection of Rome, with a gallery of precious paintings. Throughout the Middle Ages, the abbey was a lively cultural centre thanks to its abbots, libraries, archives, writing and illumination schools, which transcribed and preserved many works of antiquity. The abbey was destroyed during the Second World War and was rebuilt identically from 1948 to 1956.